點擊https://www.bilibili.com/video/av16926522/?p=36能夠去b站看dalao視頻python
# 1 匹配字符串中的目標字符串 pattern1 = "cat" pattern2 = "bird" string = "dog runs to cat" print(re.search(pattern1, string)) print(re.search(pattern2, string)) #result <re.Match object; span=(12, 15), match='cat'> None
#2 匹配多種可能 ptn = r"r[au]n" string = "dog runs(ran) to cat" print(re.search(ptn, string)) #result <re.Match object; span=(4, 7), match='run'> #發現結果只返回匹配第一個檢索到的字符串
#3 匹配更多可能 print(re.search(r"r[A-Z]n", "dog runs to cat")) print(re.search(r"r[a-z]n", "dog runs to cat")) print(re.search(r"r[0-9]n", "dog r2ns to cat")) print(re.search(r"r[0-9a-z]n", "dog runs to cat")) #result None <re.Match object; span=(4, 7), match='run'> <re.Match object; span=(4, 7), match='r2n'> <re.Match object; span=(4, 7), match='run'>
#4 \d:數字, \D:非數字 print(re.search(r"r\dn", "run r4n")) print(re.search(r"r\Dn", "run r4n")) #result <re.Match object; span=(4, 7), match='r4n'> <re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='run'>
#5 空白:\s, 非空白:\S #[\t\n\r\f\v] print(re.search(r"r\sn", "r\nn r4n")) print(re.search(r"r\Sn", "r\nn r4n")) #result <re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='r\nn'> <re.Match object; span=(4, 7), match='r4n'>
#6 全部字母數字和"_" #\w:[a-zA-Z0-9_], \W相反 print(re.search(r"r\wn", "r\nn r4n")) print(re.search(r"r\Wn", "r\nn r4n")) #result <re.Match object; span=(4, 7), match='r4n'> <re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='r\nn'>
#7 空白字符 #\b:僅僅在開始或結只有一個空白字符,\B反之 print(re.search(r"\b runs \b", "dog runs to cat")) print(re.search(r"\B runs \B", "dog runs to cat")) #result <re.Match object; span=(3, 9), match=' runs '> <re.Match object; span=(4, 10), match=' runs '>
#8 匹配特殊字符 #\\:匹配\, .匹配除了\n print(re.search(r"runs\\", "dog runs\ to cat")) print(re.search(r"r.n", "r\"n to cat")) #result <re.Match object; span=(4, 9), match='runs\\'> <re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='r"n'>
#9 ^: 句首, $: 句尾 print(re.search(r"^dog", "dog runs\ to cat")) print(re.search(r"cat$", "r\"n to cat")) #result <re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='dog'> <re.Match object; span=(7, 10), match='cat'>
#10 ?:是否 print(re.search(r"Mon(day)?", "Monday")) print(re.search(r"Mon(day)?", "Mon")) #result <re.Match object; span=(0, 6), match='Monday'> <re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='Mon'>
#11 多行匹配 Multi-line string = ''' Dog runs to the cat. I run to the dog. ''' print(re.search(r"^I", string)) print(re.search(r"^I", string, flags= re.M)) #result None <re.Match object; span=(22, 23), match='I'>
#12 *:0或屢次 print(re.search(r"ab*", "a")) print(re.search(r"ab*", "abbbbbbb")) #result <re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match='a'> <re.Match object; span=(0, 8), match='abbbbbbb'>
#13 +:1或屢次 print(re.search(r"ab+", "a")) print(re.search(r"ab+", "ab")) #result None <re.Match object; span=(0, 2), match='ab'>
#14 可選次數{n,m} print(re.search(r"ab{2,10}", "a")) print(re.search(r"ab{2,10}", "abbbb")) #result None <re.Match object; span=(0, 5), match='abbbb'>
#15 group組 match = re.search(r"(\d+), Date: (.+)", "ID: 21321, Date: Aug/19/2019") print(match.group()) print(match.group(1)) print(match.group(2)) #result 21321, Date: Aug/19/2019 21321 Aug/19/2019
#16 ?P<name>: 組命名 match = re.search(r"(?P<id>\d+), Date: (?P<date>.+)", "ID: 21321, Date: Aug/19/2019") print(match.group()) print(match.group('id')) print(match.group('date')) #result 21321, Date: Aug/19/2019 21321 Aug/19/2019
#17 findall: 尋找全部匹配 print(re.findall(r"r[au]n", "run ran ren")) #result ['run', 'ran']
#18 |: 或 print(re.findall(r"r(a|u)n", "run ran ren")) #result ['u', 'a']
#19 sub: 替換 print(re.sub(r"r[au]n", "catches", "dog runs to cat")) #result dog catchess to cat
#20 分裂 print(re.split(r"[,;\.]", "a,b;d.c")) #result ['a', 'b', 'd', 'c']
#21 compile : 編譯 compile_re = re.compile(r"r[au]n") print(compile_re.search("dog ran to cat")) #result <re.Match object; span=(4, 7), match='ran'>
另外,Python默認的是貪婪匹配,返回匹配結果最長的字符串。好比:web
import re match = re.search(r'py.*?n', 'pyanbncndn') print(match.group(0)) #result pyanbncndn
而要想使用最小匹配,則只需加一個?即:正則表達式
import re match = re.search(r'py.*?n', 'pyanbncndn') print(match.group(0)) #result pyan
最小匹配操做符以下:
ide